Gait (noun, f.)
1. A goat.
Inherited from Gothic gaits, in turn from proto-Germanic *gaits, probably from a substrate language.
gamain (adjective)
1. Common, shared.
2. Rude, vulgar, unclean.
Inherited from Gothic gamains, in turn from proto-Germanic *gamainiz. Cognate with Swedish gemen, Dutch gemeen, German gemein, etc.
Gamainda (noun, f.)
1. Municipality, parish.
2. (collective) Community, assembly, congregation, etc.
Independent construction based on gamain and the suffix -da; cf. Dutch gemeente, German Gemeinde. Related to Polish gmin(a).
gamunan (regular verb)
1. To remember (recall something).
From the obsolete perfective prefix ga- and the verb munan (to think, suppose). The ga- prefix is dropped in most inheritances from Gothic unless the root verb means something quite different.
Gang (noun, m.)
1. Passageway, alley, corridor, etc.
2. Gait (way someone walks).
3. Course (of events).
4. Gear (machinery).
5. (informal) Great, good.
From proto-Germanic *gangaz. Cognate with English, German, Dutch, Luxembourgish gang.
Gard (noun, m.)
1. House (political and familial sense), household.
2. Yard, court.
3. Family, lineage.
Inherited from Gothic gards, in turn from proto-Germanic *gardaz.
Gas (noun, n.)
1. Gas (state of matter, or gaseous fuels).
Borrowed from Dutch gas; coined by chemist Jan Baptist van Helmont.
Gaspedal (noun, n.)
1. An accelerator.
Compound of gas and pedal; cf. English gas pedal.
gå (irregular verb)
1. To walk.
2. Passing of time.
3. To go, to leave. Also of the below senses:
4. To go (to attend).
5. To go (change in value).
6. To go (start).
7. To work properly, to function correctly.
8. To go (be in a continuous state).
9. To go with (fit well).
10. To go out (of electricity).
Borrowed from Old Norse gá, in turn from proto-Germanic *gana. Displaced Gothic-origin hvarbon. Cognate with Swedish, Danish and Norwegian, though the conjugation is different.
Gæld (adjective)
1. The colour yellow.
2. (noun, n.) The colour yellow.
3. Blond.
Borrowing from Proto-West Germanic *gelu, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *gelwaz. The word for the colour yellow was initially Gothic-origin gulþ, of a similar origin and meaning gold, but was displaced in this sense.
Gesell (noun, m.)
1. Partner, companion, associate, housemate.
2. (slightly formal) A friend.
3. A journeyman.
From Middle Low German Gesell(e), probably borrowed during the early Hanseatic League. Cognate with Swedish gesall and by extension Finnish kisalli.
Geselskep (noun, f.)
1. Company (presence of other people).
2. Company (group of people).
3. Company, corporation, business, etc.
4. Society (organised group of people), the public.
Compound of Gesell and -skep; cf. Dutch gezelschep and German Gesellschaft.
gewess (adjective)
1. Certain, absolute.
From proto-Germanic *gawissaz. Cognate of German gewiss, Dutch gewis, archaic English iwis, etc.
gewessig (adverb, interjection)
1. Certainly, absolutely.
From gewess and -ig.
giban (regular verb)
1. To give.
Inherited from Gothic giban, in turn from Proto-Germanic *gebana. Cognate of English/Danish give, Dutch geven, German geben, Old Norse gifa and descendants.
glad (adjective)
1. Happy, glad.
From Old Norse glaður, related to gladi. Perfect cognate with Swedish, Norwegian and Danish glad.
glada (regular verb)
1. To please, cheer, gladden, etc.
See glad.
gladi (noun, f.)
1. Joy, happiness, merriment, etc.
From Old Norse gleði, related to glad. Note that the compound is irregular; the -i suffix in Old Norse does not exist in Konigsbergesk.
Glaß (noun, n.)
1. Glass (material).
2. Glass (container, jar).
3. Glass (amount of liquid).
From Old Saxon glas, in turn from Proto-West Germanic *glas, and Proto-Germanic *glasa. Cognate of many languages, most notably Finnish lasi, English glass, Dutch/Danish/Icelandic/Faroese/Nynorsk/German Glas, etc.
god (adjective)
1. Good, morally commendable.
2. Good, proficient.
3. Quite large in margin.
4. Good (close in relationship).
5. Good, tasty.
Inherited from Gothic goþus, in turn from proto-Germanic *godaz.
gov (noun, f.)
1. Cattle (also bovines more generally).
2. (more specifically) A cow.
From Eastern Proto-Baltic *guowis (an i-stem), ultimately Proto-Balto-Slavic *gaw-. Cognate with Latvian govs, Proto-Slavic *govedo and descendants.
Grå (adjective)
1. The colour green.
2. (noun, n.) The colour green.
3. Relating to the environment, environmental politics, or a green political party.
From Proto-Germanic *grēwaz, probably influenced by Swedish. Closest cognates are Danish/Swedish/Norwegian grå, German/Bavarian grau, and Low German grag.
Gulþvis (noun, m.)
1. A goldfish.
Calque of English goldfish. By surface analsis, from gulþ and vis.
Guþ (noun, n.)
1. A god, deity.
2. (Christianity, m.) God.
Sometimes spelled GUþ as a mark of reverence in Biblical texts; cf. German GOtt.
Inherited from Gothic guþa, in turn from Proto-Germanic *guda. Cognate of English/Dutch God, German Gott, etc.
haban (irregular verb)
1. To have; to possess, or to have as a property; to come into possession of something concrete or abstract.
Inherited from Gothic haban, in turn from proto-Germanic *habjana. Closest cognate with Old Norse hafa and descendants.
Hai (noun, m.)
1. A shark.
Borrowed from Middle Dutch haey, from whence modern Dutch haai and German Hai.
hailag (adjective)
1. (formal) Holy, hallowed, respected, etc.
Almost certainly inherited from Gothic hailags, though attestation for that word is poor and it is a hapax legomon.
Haka (noun, f.)
1. Chin (part of the body).
2. Hook, barb, calk, etc.
3. Complication, catch (like in the phrase "what's the catch").
4. (by extension, regular verb) To hook.
Borrowed from Old Norse haka, of the same meaning. Acquired the hook senses due to conflation with Old Norse haki (hook, pick).
hakken (regular verb)
1. To chop, to hack.
2. To hack (computing).
3. To be choppy, to not work properly.
4. To pick (with a pickaxe).
5. (noun, n.) A pick, pickaxe; a tool used to hack.
From Middle Low German hacken, cognate with Danish and Norwegian hakke, Icelandic and Faroese hakka, etc. Not related to haka. Sense 2 is a calque from English hack (computing sense).
haldan (regular verb)
1. To hold (to grasp).
2. To hold (to contain or store).
3. To hold (to maintain or keep to a position or state).
4. To hold (host an event).
5. To care for, nurture, etc.
6. To stay.
Inherited from Gothic haldan, in turn from proto-Germanic *haldana. Closest cognate with Old norse halda and descendants.
Hamster (noun, m.)
1. A hamster.
Internationalism; borrowed from German Hamster, in turn likely from Old East Slavic xomestoru.
hamsteren (regular verb)
1. To hoard.
So called because hamsters tend to hoard food; perfect cognate with Dutch and Luxembourgish.
Hano (noun, m.)
1. A cock, a rooster.
2. A valve, a tap/faucet.
3. (figuratively) A showoff (usually male).
Inherited from Gothic hana, in turn from proto-Germanic *hano. Influenced by Old High German/Old Saxon hano, and a doublet of Hun. Sense 2 is of figurative origin; so called because the valve is similar in appearance to a rooster's comb, and later extended to mean "tap" as plumbing developed.
Hand (noun, f.)
1. A hand.
Inherited from Gothic handus, in turn from Proto-Germanic *handuz. Cognate of English/German/Dutch hand, Old Norse hond and descendants.
hatan (regular verb)
1. To hate.
See Hatiß.
Hatiß (noun, n.)
1. Hatred.
2. (literary, dated) Wrath.
Inherited from Gothic hatis, in turn from Proto-Germanic *hataz. Cognate of English hate, German Hass, Old Norse hatr and descendants.
Haven (noun, m.)
1. A port/harbour, a haven.
Borrowed from Middle Low German haven, in turn from proto-Germanic *habanu. Cognate of English haven, French havre, Danish hafn, etc.
heit (adjective)
1. Hot (in temperature).
2. Spicy.
3. (informal) Attractive.
From Old Norse heitr, whence Icelandic/Faroese heitur, Norwegian heit, Danish hed, Swedish het. Sense 3 is a calque from English hot.
herberg (noun, n.)
1. Hostel, lodge, inn.
From proto-West Germanic *harjabergon. Cognate with Dutch and Danish herberg.
herbergen (regular verb)
1. To house, to harbour, to accommodate.
By surface analysis, from herberg and -en.
Herr (noun, m.)
1. Sir, mister, gentleman.
2. (dated, formal) Lord (in the sense of a ruler).
3. (formal) Master (the owner of an animal).
From Old Saxon hērro (grey haired). Cognate of Danish, Swedish, and German Herr, Icelandic herra, Norwegian herre, Dutch heer, and English hoar.
Hert (noun, m.)
1. A deer, stag. By extension, the meat of this animal (venison).
From Old Saxon hirut, in turn from proto-Germanic *herutaz. Cognate with English hart, Dutch hart/hert, German Hirsch
Himin (noun, m.)
1. Sky.
2. Heaven.
3. Cloud cover.
Inherited from Gothic himins, meaning sense 2, in turn from Proto-Germanic *himinaz. Cognate of Old Norse himinn and descendants.
Hirn (noun, n.)
1. Brain (organ).
Borrowing from Old Saxon hirni, ultimately from protoGermanic *hirznija. Cognate of German and Bavarian Hirn.
Hjælp (noun, f.)
1. Help, assistance, aid.
2. (interjection) Help!
C. 8th century, from Old Norse hjálp. Cognate of Icelandic/Faroese hjálp, Danish hjælp, German Hilfe, English help, etc.
hjælpen (regular verb)
1. To help.
From Hjælp and the suffix -en. For more, see Hjælp.
Høvud (noun, n.)
1. Head (part of the body).
2. Head (main, chief of something).
3. Head (topmost part of some things).
From Old Norse hofuð, in turn from Proto-Germanic *hafuda or *habuda, northern form of *haubuda. Displaced Gothic haubiþ.
Hr. (noun, m.)
1. (title) Mr.
Contraction of "Herr"; see there for further details.
Hun (noun, f.)
1. A chicken (or the meat of a chicken).
2. (by extension) A hen.
From proto-Germanic *hona, a variant of proto-Germanic *hano (rooster). Doublet of Hano. Cognate of English hen, German Huhn, Dutch hoen, Low German Hohn.
Hund (noun, m.)
1. A dog (usually an adult), hound.
2. (derogatory) A scoundrel, dog.
Inherited from Gothic hunds, in trun from proto-Germanic *hundaz. Cognate with most Germanic languages.
Hus (noun, n.)
1. A house.
2. (generically) Any dwelling.
From Old Norse hús, partially displaced Gothic razn.
hva (pronoun)
1. (interrogative) What.
1. (relative) What.
Inherited from Gothic hƕa, the nominative/accusative neuter of hƕas, effectively meaning "what". Derived from Proto-Germanic *hwaz, and similar in etymology to hvas. As with most pronouns, lacks gender distinctions.
hvar (pronoun)
1. (interrogative) Where.
1. (relative) Where.
Inherited from Gothic hƕar, effectively meaning "where". Derived from Proto-Germanic *hwar, and similar in etymology to other interrogative pronouns. Perfect cognate with Icelandic and Faroese hvar. As with most pronouns, lacks gender distinctions.
hvas (pronoun)
1. (interrogative) Who, whom.
2. (relative) Whoever, whom, someone who, etc.
Inherited from Gothic hƕas, the masculine form of "who", "what", in turn from Proto-Germanic *hwaz, of the same meaning. Most pronouns except the demonstratives "this", "that" and the universal "everyone" lack a distinction for gender.
hve (adverb)
1. (interrogative) How, to what degree or extent, by what means, etc.
2. (interrogative) Why, for what reason, etc.
Inherited from Gothic hƕe, of the same meaning, in turn from Proto-Germanic *hwē. The lack of distinction between "how" and "why" is fairly uncommon amongst Indo-European languages, but the merge is likely because they were nearly identical in appearance in Old Konigsbergesk (hve for "how" and hvē for "why").
hvileik (pronoun)
1. (interrogative) What sort of, what type of;, etc.; which.
2. (relative) Designates the one previously mentioned.
Inherited from Gothic hƕeleiks, of the same meaning, in turn from Proto-Germanic *hwilīkaz, "what kind of, what sort of...". Effectively a compound of "hve" (how/why), and "-leik" (like, in the sense of similar to). A similar (also inherited) formation exists in Danish hvilken.
Hydrogen (noun, m.)
1. Hydrogen.
C. 1783 borrowing from French hydrogène, coined by Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau and Antoine Lavoisier. Internationalism in most languages.
ik (pronoun)
1. I: first person singular personal pronoun.
From Proto-Germanic *ek. Cognate of Old High German ih and descendants, Old Norse ek and descendants, English I, etc.
immer (adverb)
1. (with comparative) To a greater degree over time; more and more.
2. (formal) Forever, always.
C. 13th century borrowing from Middle Low German immer, of the same sense 2 meaning. Cognate with German and Dutch immer, uncommon Middle English a mare (evermore).
in (preposition, adverb)
1. In (contained by), within, among.
2. In, to (moving in a specific direction).
Inherited from Gothic in, in turn from Proto-Gemanic *in.
indigo (adjective)
1. The colour indigo.
2. (noun, m.) The colour indigo.
C. 17th century borrowing from Portuguese endigo (obsolete spelling of indigo), in turn from Latin indicum.
Ingang (noun, m.)
1. Entrance, access, admission, etc.
Compound of in- and gang; see Danish indgang.
instemmen (regular verb)
1. To agree.
2. (noun, m.) Agreement.
Compound of in and stemmen; literally "in voice" or "in vote".
instemmenig (adjective)
1. Agreed.
instemmen + -ig.
Instemmening (noun, m.)
1. Agreement, approval.
instemmen + ing.
inwunderen (regular verb)
1. To admire.
Compound of in- and wunderen.
ira (pronoun)
1. Third person singular feminine possessive pronoun; her. Can also function as a determiner.
Probably from Old Saxon ira; in turn from the singular genitive feminine ezōz in proto-Germanic.
iris (noun, m.)
1. Iris (part of the eye).
15th century learned borrowing from Latin iris.
iup (adverb)
1. Up, upwards.
2. So as to finish or use up.
Inherited from Gothic up, in turn from proto-Germanic *upp. Cognate with most Germanic languages.
iupgiban (regular verb)
1. To give up; abandon, surrender, etc.
From iup and giban; similar constructions exist in English upgive, Dutch opgeven, German aufgeben.
ja (interjection, adverb)
1. Yes.
2. (noun, n.) An aye or a yes vote.
3. (interjection) An exclamation of delight or triumph.
From Proto-Germanic *ja. "ja" was initially a confirmation particle in Gothic, but had merged with "jai" (yes) in Konigsbergesk.
jabei (conjunction)
1. Whether.
2. Either.
Inherited from Gothic jabai, in turn from proto-Germanic *jabai.
jah (conjunction)
1. And.
Jah des swart Hundes benne...
And the black dog's bone...
2. Also.
Jah,
And also,
3. An acknowledgment of the previous statement, equivalent to "well" in English.
Jah, ji skulen kunden þat.
Well, you all should know that.
Inherited from Gothic "jah", with the same meaning, in turn from Proto-Germanic *jahw. Cognate of Sami jah. Not related to German jäh.
jegen (preposition)
1. (with dative) Towards, in the direction of.
2. (with accusative) Against, in opposition to, etc.
3. (sports, accusative) To, versus (in scores/results)>
From proto-Germanic *gagin. Cf. German gegen, Dutch tegen, of the same origin.
Jesus (noun, m.)
1. Jesus.
Sometimes written JEsus in biblical texts; cf. German JEsus.
Borrowed from Latin Iesus, in turn from Hebrew yeshua.
ji (pronoun)
1. 2nd person personal plural pronoun; ye, you all.
From Proto-Germanic *jīz, a Northwestern variant of *jūz. The reason for using the Northwestern variant is unclear. The only known cognates of the *jīz branch is Old Frisian jī and descendants.
Judo (noun, m.)
1. Judo (martial art).
From Japanese 柔道 (じゅうどう) (joudou).
Judoka (noun, m.)
1. Judoka (one who practises judo).
From Japanese 柔道 (じゅうどう家) (joudouka).
Jul (noun, n.)
1. Yule (the time around Christmas).
2. Yule (pagan holiday).
From Old Norse jól. Cognate of German and Danish Jul, Dutch joel, as well as Icelandic and Faroese jól.
jung (adjective)
1. Young.
Inherited from Gothic juggs, in turn from proto-Germanic *jungaz.
Jungnes ()
1. The state of being young; adolescent/se.
From Jung + nes.
Jura (noun f.)
1. Sea (large body of water), ocean.
2. (figuratively) A large amount of something.
From proto Balto-Slavic *jaura, though there are no known Slavic descendants of this word. Probably related to the high prevalence of Baltic-origin hydronyms in Konigsberg. Cognate with Latvian, Lithuanian and Samogitian jūra. Not related to the region in France.
kald (adjective)
1. Cold; low temperature.
2. (noun, f.) A condition of low temperature or a cold (illness).
Inherited from Gothic kalds, in turn from proto-Germanic *kaldaz. Cognate of many languages.
kaldan (regular verb)
1. To make cold.
Verbal of kald; see there for more.
Kalkun (noun, m.)
1. Turkey (bird), or the meat from the bird.
From Dutch kalkoen; so called because it was falsely believed that the bird originated from Calicut.
Kanin (noun, m.)
1. A rabbit, cony, etc.
From Middle Low German kanin, in turn from Old French connil. Cf. dialectal German Kanin, Scandinavian kanin(a).
kanja (irregular verb)
1. To know.
Inherited from Gothic kannjan, initially meaning "to make known", but eventually broadened into its current form.
Kannes (noun, m.)
1. Knowledge, intelligence.
From "kan", the root verb of kanja "to know", and the suffix -nes(s). Formed in a similar way to Dutch kennis.
Kauriþa (noun, f.)
1. A burden.
2. Oppression.
From kaurus and the now-unproductive suffix -iþa.
kauran (regular verb)
1. To be or give a burden.
2. To oppress.
From kaurus and the verb-forming suffix -an.
Kaurn (noun, n.)
1. Corn, grain, cereal.
Inherited from Gothic kaurn, in turn from Proto-Germanic *kaurna. Cognate of English corn, German/Old Norse Korn and descendants.
kaurus (adjective)
1. Burdensome.
2. Problematic; causing issues.
Inherited from Gothic kaurus. The term initially meant just sense 1, but acquired the secondary sense at some point in the 14th century.
Kavel (noun, m.)
1. The jaw (part of the lower face).
2. Jaw (of a vice and other tools).
From Old Saxon kafl, in turn from proto-Germanic *kafl. Cognate with Flemish kaval, English jowel.
Kåter (noun, m.)
1. A male cat or tomcat.
See its generic equivalent "Kått".
Kått (noun, f.)
1. A cat.
2. (specifically) A female housecat.
"Kått" is a generic term for a cat. The word "Kåter" refers to a male cat.
From Middle Low German "katte", in turn from Old Saxon "katta" and Proto-West Germanic *katta. Cognate of Plautdietsch "Kautt/Kaut".
kæse (noun, m.)
1. Cheese.
2. (regular verb) To make cheese.
From Old Norse kæsir, in turn from proto-Germanic *kasijaz, ultimately a Latin borrowing.
kiman (regular verb)
1. To come (move closer).
2. To arrive.
3. To appear, to manifest.
Inherited from Gothic qiman (the "q" was dropped and morphed into a K alongside most inherited Gothic words in the 8th century), in turn from Proto-Germanic *kwemaną.
Kinn (noun, f.)
1. Cheek (part of both the face and the rear).
Either an inheritance from Gothic kinnus or a borrowing from Old Norse kinn, both of which are derived from proto-Germanic *kinnuz.
Kius (noun, m.)
1. A choice, a decision.
2. An election.
Deverbal of kiusen; see there for more.
kiusen (regular verb)
1. To choose, to select, to decide, etc.
2. To vote for, to elect.
Inherited from Gothic kiusan, which originally meant to prove or test but is now obsolete. Perhaps moved to its current sense under influence from archaic German kiesen and Dutch kiezen.
klar (adjective)
1. Clear (transparent)
2. Clear (understood).
3. (interjection, slighty dated) Obviously, duh.
From Middle Dutch claer, reinforced by Middle Low German klar. Ultimately from Latin clarus (bright).
klaren (regular verb)
1. To (make) clear, to clarify.
2. To account for.
Compound of klar + en.
klucken (regular verb)
1. To cluck (of a hen).
2. To lap (of a wave).
3. To glug.
Onomatopoeic; cf. Swedish klucken, German glucken, English cluck.
Koälition (noun, f.)
1. Coalition (group or union formed for a particular advantage).
C. 16th century; borrowed from Middle French coalition, from Medieval Latin coalitiō, coalitiōnem, from Latin coalitus.
Komputer (noun, m.)
1. A computer (type of electronic device).
Uses -s plural. Borrowed from English computer, c. 1955.
komputeren (regular verb)
1. (informal) To use a computer.
From Komputer and the verb forming suffix -en; formed by analogy with Dutch computeren.
Konflikt (noun, m.)
1. Conflict.
From Latin conflictus, past participle of confligere ("to strike together"), from con- ("with, together") + fligere ("to strike").
Konstitution (noun, f.)
1. A constitution (founding principles of a nation).
C. 14th century borrowing from Old French constitucion, in turn from Latin constitutio.
kort (adjective)
1. Short (of time, distance, etc.)
2. Short (of a person or other biped)
From Old Saxon kurt, in turn from proto-Germanic *kurt; cf. Dutch/Low German kort, Luxembourgish kuerz.
korten (regular verb)
1. To shorten.
2. To reduce, subtract (usually of income).
3. To abbreviate.
4. (noun, f.) Abbreviation, shortcut.
Verbal of kort.
Krig (noun, m.)
1. War, battle.
2. (hyperbolic) A dispute, quarrel.
Borrowed from Middle Low German krich. Perfect cognate with Danish, Swedish and Norwegian krig.
Krode (noun, f.)
1. A toad.
2. (derogatory, slightly dated) An ugly and/or contemptible person, usually a woman.
C. 14th century borrowing from Middle Low German krodde "toad", in turn from Old Saxon *kroda and Proto-West Germanic *krodu. Cognate of German Kröte, the obsolete Dutch krodde, and possibly Icelandic karta.
Kuken (noun, n.)
1. A chick (or the meat of a chick).
2. (informal) Term of endearment, usually to a woman or child.
Cognate of German and Low German Kuken, Dutch kuiken, English chick(en).
Kuning (noun, m.)
1. A king.
C. 8th century borrowing from Old High German kuning; in turn from Proto-Germanic *kuningaz. Displaced native Gothic þiudans.
Kuningdom (noun, m.)
1. A kingdom.
Compound of Kuning (king) and the suffix -dom, see the former for more.
Kuningbairg (noun, m.)
1. Konigsberg (country and city).
From Kuning (king) and bairg (dated spelling of berg, mountain); so called because the city was centered around a stone fortress on a hill. The English name is from a German calque of the word.
Kvist (noun, m.)
1. Destruction or devastation.
2. (n.) A twig.
3. (n.) A dormer (type of sloping roof).
For Sense 1, see kvistan. Senses 2 & 3 are from Old Norse kvistr; the gender may have been changed for disambiguation.
kvistan (regular verb)
1. To destroy.
2. (computing) To delete a file or code.
From Proto-Germanic kwistijana "to destroy totally". Cognate of Gothic qistjan and tangentially related to Dutch verkwisten "to waste".
Lag (noun, n.)
1. (computing, informal) Lag (delay).
Direct borrowing from English "lag", c. 1980s.
Lamb
1. A lamb (young sheep).
2. Lamb (meat of a sheep).
Inherited from Gothic lamb, in turn from proto-Germanic *lambaz.
Land (noun, n.)
1. A country, a land.
2.(part of Earth that is not covered in water).
Inherited from Gothic land, in turn from proto-Germanic *landa. Perfect cognate of many Germanic languages.
Landbruk (noun, m.)
1. Agriculture.
Compound of land + bruk (usage/use). Cognate with Danish landbrug.
landbruknes (adjective)
1. Agricultural.
Landbruk + -nes.
lang (adjective)
1. Long, lengthy (in distance, time, etc.)
2. Tall (usually of a person or other biped).
From Old Norse langr, in turn from proto-Germanic *langaz. Displaced native Gothic laggs. Cognate with Icelandic/Faroese langur, Norwegian, Swedish and Danish lang, etc.
lau (adjective)
1. Lukewarm; between hot and cold.
From Middle Low German lau. Cognate with English lew, Low/Standard German lau, Dutch lauw.
Lauf (noun, m.)
1. Leaf.
2. (collective) Foliage, shrubbery, etc.
Inherited from Gothic laufs, in turn from Proto-Germanic *lauba. Cognate of Old Norse lauf and descendants, German Laub, English leaf.
Låg (noun, m.)
1. A leg.
2. (botany) A stem (part of a plant).
Sense 1 from Proto-Germanic *lagjaz, "leg, calf". Cognate of Old Norse leggr and descendants.
leden (regular verb)
1. To lead, to guide, to follow a path to.
From Middle Low German leden, in turn from proto-Germanic *laidjana. Related to English lead, Dutch leiden, German leiten, etc.
lid (noun, n.)
1. A lid, cover, etc.
Borrowed from Old Saxon hlid. Cognate with Frisian Lidd, German, English and uncommon Dutch lid.
Lieb (noun, n.)
1. A life.
By surface analysis, from the root of the verb "lieban". Probably not related to German "Liebe" (love).
lieban (regular verb)
1. To be alive, to exist.
2. To reside.
Inherited from Gothic liban "to live", in turn from Proto-Germanic *libjana, and then Proto-Indo-European *leyp-. Sense 2 probably obtained under North or West Germanic influence.
Lief (noun, f.)
1. A body.
2, (literary) A life.
From Middle Low German lîf, from Old Saxon līf, from Proto-West Germanic *līb. Cognate with Dutch lijf ("body"), English life, German Leib ("body"), Swedish liv ("waist, life").
Lippe (noun, f.)
1. Lip (two fleshy protusions framing the mouth).
2. Lip (of a container).
3> (informal) Cheek, sass.
From Middle Low German lippe, in turn from from Proto-West Germanic *lippjo. Perfect cognate with German Lippe.
Liste (noun, f.)
1. List (primarily political), catalogue.
C. 16th century borrowing from Italian lista, itself of Germanic origin. Cognate with German Liste, English list, Dutch lijst, etc.
Løg (noun, f.)
1. A law, statute.
From Old Norse løg, of the same meaning. Displaced native Gothic witoþ. Cognate of Icelandic lög, Faroese løg, Norwegian and Danish lov, etc.
Løger (noun, m.)
1. (informal) A lawyer.
From Løg and the suffix -er.
luban (regular verb)
1. To love.
From Lubo and the verb-forming suffix "-an". See the former's etymology for more.
Lubo (noun, f.)
1. Love.
Probably inherited from Gothic *lubō "to love", in turn from Proto-Germanic *lubō, and then Proto-Indo-European *lewbʰ. Cognate with English love, Old Frisian luve, Old High German luba, German Liebe.
Luft (noun, m.)
1. Air, atmosphere, smell.
From Middle Low German luft; perfect cognate with Danish luft.
Lufthaven (noun, m.)
1. An airport.
Compound of Luft and Haven; calque of English airport.
Luftmagan (noun, n., adjective)
1. Air condition(ed/ing).
Compound of luft and magan; literally "may/can air".
Luftwopen (noun, m.)
1. Air force.
Calque of German Luftwaffe; literally "air arms/weapon"
luttel (adjective)
1. Small, little.
2. Little, insignificant, trivial.
From Old Saxon luttil, whence Low German lutt. Related to Old Dutch luttil.