Mag (noun, m.)
1. Ability, capability.
Deverbal of magan; se there for more.
Maga (noun, f.)
1. A maid.
2. (dated, now derogatory) A girl.
3. A virgin (of any gender).
Contraction from Gothic magaþs, of the same meaning, in turn from proto-Germanic *magaþs.
magan (regular verb)
1. To be able, may, can.
Inherited from Gothic magan, of the same meaning, in turn from Proto-Germanic *magana. Cognate of English may.
Magus (noun, m.)
1. Boy (young male human).
Inherited from Gothic magus, in turn from proto-Germanic *maguz. Cognate with Old Norse mogr, whence Icelandic mogur. Distantly related to Proto-Celtic *mogus, from whence Breton and Cornish maw (boy), and German Mainz (the city).
Maister (noun, m.)
1. Master (someone who has control over something).
2. An expert at something.
3. (agent noun) A schoolteacher.
4. Champion (winner of a contest).
From proto-West Germanic *maistar, possibly a Middle Low German variant, ultimately from Latin magister.
Makt (noun, f.)
1. Power, influence, authority.
2. Might, strength.
From Old Norse makt, probably derived from Middle Low German macht, ultimately from Proto-Grmanic *mahtiz.
Mål (noun, n.)
1. Goal, target, purpose.
2. Measuring cup.
From Old Norse mal, in turn from proto-Germanic *mela. Cognate with Swedish, Danish mal.
målen ()
1. To aim, to score a goal.
Verbal of mål.
Mann (noun, m.)
1. An adult human male.
2. Husband, male spouse.
Inherited from Gothic manna, in turn from proto-Germanic *mann, dropping the -a sometime in the 13th century due to influence from surroudning nations.
mannisk (adjective)
1. Human; of or pertaining to homo sapiens.
From mann and the suffix -isk.
Mavi (noun, f.)
1. (endearing) Girl, lass.
2. Term of endearment for a non-human female animal.
Inherited from Gothic mawi, in turn from proto-Germanic *mawi. Related to Maga.
Melnø (noun, m.)
1. A cloud.
Inherited from Gothic milhma, in turn from Proto-Germanic *melhmô. Influenced by Swedish "moln" (cloud), probably derived from the same Proto-Germanic word.
mene (regular verb)
1. To mean; to signify; to intend.
2. (formal, mostly literary) To think.
From Old Norse meina ("to mean, intend"), from Proto-Germanic *mainijana. Cognate with Old English maenan ("to mean"), German meinen.
Middag (noun, n.)
1. Noon.
Compound of "midjas" and "dag"; cf. German Mittag, Dutch middag.
midi (with dative) (preposition)
1. With (alongside, in the company of).
2. With, by (using as an instrument, by means of)
3. With, (as an accessory to)
2. With, (having).
From Old Saxon midi, an alternative form of "mid", of the same meaning. Cognate with English mid, Dutch met, Bavarian, Low and Standard German mit, but not related to French midi.
Midjas (noun, n., adjective)
1. Middle, average, mean (mathematical sense), etc.
2. Center.
3. (by extension) Politically centrist; moderate.
Inherited from Gothic midjis, in turn from proto-Germanic *midjaz. Related (though indirectly) to midi. Possibly a cognate of Albanian midis.
mikil (adjective)
1. Large, big, great (in magnitude).
Inherited from Gothic mikils, in turn from proto-Germanic *mikilaz. Cognate with Old Norse mikill and descendants, English much.
min (pronoun)
1. First person singular possessive pronoun; my, mine. Can also function as a determiner.
Inherited from Gothic meins, of the same meaning, in turn from proto-Germanic *mīnaz.
Ministre (noun, m.)
1. Minister (either religious or political).
Uses -s plural. Direct borrowing from French ministre; probably around the late 15th century.
Mist (noun, m.)
1. Mist; lighter fog.
From Proto-Germanic *mihstaz, of the same meaning. Cognate of English, Frisian, Dutch, Swedish, Low German, mist.
Moder (noun, f.)
1. A mother (maternal figure).
From proto-Germanic *mōdēr, cognate of many languages, though closest to formal Swedish and Danish moder.
Motor (noun, m.)
1. A motor, engine.
2. A motorcycle.
Uses -s plural. Sense 1 is an internationalism; from Latin motor ("mover; that which moves something"). Sense 2 is a clipping from English/French moto(r)cycle.
Mousse (noun, f.)
1. Mousse (pudding).
2. Mousse (savoury seafood dish).
3. Mousse (type of styling cream).
C. 16th century borrowing from French mousse, in turn from Old French mosse "moss".
Munþ (noun, m.)
1. Mouth (the opening of an animal through which food is ingested).
Inherited from Gothic munþs, in turn from proto-Germanic *munþaz. Closest cognate is with Old Norse munnr and descendants.
Mus (noun, f.)
1. Mouse (animal).
2. (computing) Mouse (input device).
3. (noun, n.) Mush, puree, squish.
Either from Old Norse mús or Old Low German mūs, both meaning mouse. Cognate of English mouse, German Maus, Scandinavian mus, etc. Sense 2 is a semantic loan from English mouse, and Sense 3 is from Middle Low German môs, in turn from Proto-West Germanic mōs meaning wet food, mush, porridge.
Musik (noun, f.)
1. Music.
2. Music (school subject).
3. A musical piece (usually classical).
Borrowing from Latin musica; maybe filtered through Old High German musika.
Musiker (noun, n.)
1. A musician (male or undetermined).
See Musik.
Nacht (noun, f.)
1. Night.
2. (informal, interjection) Good night.
Time has a more specific denotation than it does in English; "night" refers to roughly 11pm to 6am.
Likely a borrowing from either Old Saxon "naht" or Middle Low German "nacht", in turn from Proto-Germanic *nahts.
Naße (noun, f.)
1. A nose.
Borrowed from Old High German nasa, in turn from Proto-Germanic *naso; cognate with Bavarian Nosn, German Nase, Pennsylvanian German Naas, etc.
Nåmo (noun, n.)
1. A name.
2. (informal) Reputation, fame.
Inherited from Gothic namō, in turn from Proto-Germanic *namō. Cognate of many languages, such as English name and German/Dutch Naam. Sense 2 might be related to the English phrase "make a name for yourself".
næst (preposition)
1. Beside(s), next to.
2. In addition to, as well as.
From Old Norse næstr, in turn from proto-Germanic nehwist (nearest, closest to). Cognate with Dutch naast, English next, German nachster, Old Norse næstr and descendants.
ne (interjection, adverb)
1. No.
2. (noun, n.) A nay vote or a no vote.
3. (interjection) An exclamation of dismay.
4. (adverb, informal) Never, at no time.
Initially "ne", a negation particle in Gothic. Cf. "ja". Sense 4 is a clipping of "netaim", also meaning never.
neder (adverb)
1 Down, downwards.
From proto-Germanic *niþer, likely influenced by German nieder or Swedish neder. Cognate with English nether.
neh (adverb)
1. Near, close to.
Inherited from Gothic nēƕ, in turn from Proto-Germanic *nēhw. Cognate of English nigh, Dutch na, German na(c)h, Icelandic na-.
netaim (adverb)
1. Never, at no time.
2. (interjection) Never; you shall not at any time.
Compound of "ne-" (in its obsolete form as a negation particle) and Taim (time).
ni (numeral)
1. (cardinal) Nine.
2. (noun, f.) Nine (as a digit or figure).
Contraction of Gothic niun, in turn from proto-Germanic *newun; not directly related to Danish/Norwegian ni.
nimen (regular verb)
1. To take (from), to grab, to grasp.
2. To take (consider a certain way).
3. To take (ingest).
4. To take (choose from something).
5. To capture, to arrest.
6. To catch.
7. To sit down (usually for a photograph).
Inherited from Gothic niman, in turn from proto-Germanic *nemana. Cognate of German nehmen, Dutch nemen, English numb.
Ninja (noun, m.)
1. A ninja.
Borrowing from Japanese 忍者 ninja.
nocht (pronoun)
1. Nothing, zero.
2. (adverb, emphatic, otherwise somewhat informal) Used to supplement the negation particle "ne"; wraps around the verb, e.g. Ik ne kan nocht. Similar to French ne ... pas.
Contraction from dialectal nokwat. The origin of the "ok" part is due to nonstandard pronunciation, and ultimately derives from older Konigsbergesk niwat, of the same meaning; effectively a compound of "ni" (no) and "wat" (what, thing). Similar in formation to English nought, Dutch niet, German nicht. Not related to Nacht.
Noir (noun, m)
1. Darkness.
2. (formal, adjective) A deep shade of black.
3. (film, TV) A film noir.
Uses -s plural. Direct 17th century borrowing of French "noir", which was inherited from Middle French noir, from Old French noir, neir, and from Latin nigrum. Sense 3 is a clipping from "film noir", as in English.
Nord (noun, n.)
1. North, northern, northerly, etc. (also functions as an adjective and adverb).
From proto-Germanic *nurþra, then *nurþaz. Cognate with English north, Danish, Norwegian, German nord.
Nordvest (noun, n.)
1. Northwest, northwestern, northwesterly, etc. (also functions as an adjective and adverb).
Compound of Nord and Vest.
null (numeral)
1. (cardinal) Zero.
2. (noun, f.) None, nothing.
3. (derogatory, noun, f.) Idiot, failure.
C. 16th century borrowing from Italian nulla, from Latin nulla, feminine singular of nullus ("no, none").
Nuß (noun, f.)
1. A nut.
From Old Norse hnot, in turn from Proto-Germanic *hnuts. Cognate of English nut, German Nuss, Dutch noot, Old Saxon hnut and descendants.
ofar (preposition, adverb)
1. Across; moving roughly horizontally or vertically. May be translated as "over" in some contexts.
2. Cut in two; asunder.
From Old Norse ofar; cf. Danish, Norwegian over Swedish över. Related to Old Norse yfir.
oft (adverb)
1. Often, ofttimes, frequently, etc.
From Old Norse oft, in turn from proto-Germanic *ufta. Displaced Gothic-origin ufta. Cognate with English oft(en), Faroese oft(a), German, Icelandic oft, etc.
ogen (regular verb)
1. To show, announce, display.
2. To stare (usually in an unfriendly way).
3. (noun, n.) An advertisement, announcement, etc.
Inherited from Gothic augjan; merged with sense 2, which is a borrowing from Middle Low German ogen.
Okse (noun, m.)
1. An ox.
2. Beef (meat from a bovine).
Sometimes spelled oxe in prescribed usage. From Old Danish oxæ, in turn from proto-Germanic *uhso. Displaced native Gothic auhsa.
onder (preposition, adverb)
1. Under, below, beneath, underneath, etc.
2. (postpositional) Under to; implying motion.
3. Covered in.
From proto-Germanic *under, possibly from proto-West Germanic *undar. Cognate with Dutch onder, English under, Old Saxon undar, German unter.
onderkiman (noun, m.)
1. To shelter, find accommodation, come under.
2. Accommodation, lodging.
Compound of onder- and kiman.
orange (adjective)
1. The colour orange.
2. (noun, f.) The colour orange.
3. (rare) The orange fruit.
Uses -s plural. C. 15th century borrowing from French orange, in turn from from Old French pomme d'orenge (literally apple of orange), ultimately a calque of Italian melarancia.
Ødipus (noun, m.)
1. (Greek mythology) Oedipus.
Does not have a plural; lemmas ending in -s are uncommon in Konigsbergesk. From Ancient Greek, via Latin Oedipus.
Økonomïe (noun, m.)
1. An economy.
2. Economics (field of study).
3. One's financial circumstances.
Uses -s plural. From Latin oeconomia, in turn from Ancient Greek oikonomía.
Øuge (noun, n.)
1. An eye (part of the body).
2. An eye (part of a storm).
3. An eye (part of a needle).
4. A pip (dot on a dice).
Inherited from Gothic augo, in turn from Proto-Germanic *augo. Cognate with English eye, German Auge, Dutch oog, Danish øje, Norwegian øye, etc.
Øugebrun (noun, f.)
1. An eyebrow.
By surface analysis, from Øuge (eye) and Brun (brow). The same compound format is used in English eyebrow, Danish øjenbryn, German Augebraue, etc.
Øugelid (noun, n.)
1. An eyelid.
Compound of Øuge and lid (lid). Cognate with English eyelid, German Augelid, etc.
Pantoffel (noun, f.)
1. A slipper (type of footwear).
C. 15th century borrowing from Middle French pantoufle. Perfect cognate of Dutch and German pantoffel.
Papegai (noun, m.)
1. A parrot.
2. (figuratively) A parroter, a copycat.
From Old French papegai, in turn from Old Spanish papagayo. Cognate of English popinjay, Portuguese papagaio, German Papagei, and Dutch papegaai, whence Russian popugaj.
Partie (noun, f.)
1. A party (political and legal sense).
2. Lot, quantity, batch.
3. Someone (especially a man) who is considered to be a good choice for marriage, because of wealth, status, etc.; a parti.
C. 16th century borrowing from French parti(e), likely merged in senses due to their similar appearance.
Pass (noun, m.)
1. A pass, a fit.
Deverbal of passen.
passen (regular verb)
1. To fit, to suit.
2. To pass.
Borrowed from German passen, itself a borrowing of French passer.
Pår (noun, n.)
1. A pair or couple.
From Latin par; related to French paire, English pair, peer, German and Dutch paar, etc.
Pedal (noun, f.)
1. A pedal.
Internationalism; from French pedale, in turn from Latin pedal(is).
Pika (noun, f.)
1. A girl.
Borrowed from late Old Norse pika, perhaps from Finnish piika (maid). Cognate with Danish pige, Swedish piga, Faroese/Icelandic pika, most of which are archaic or obsolete.
Pike (noun, m.)
1. A peak (highest point), summit, etc.
2. A pike (weapon).
3. (more generically) A sharp point.
From proto-West Germanic *pik, in turn from proto-Germanic *pikaz. Perfect cognate of English pike, and cognate with Dutch piek. Also related to Norwegian/Swedish pik through *pikaz.
Pim (noun, n.)
1. A pin.
Borrowed from English pin, c. 1910s.
plins (noun, f.)
1. A dance (of any kind, usually a generic term).
Deverbal of plinsjan. Cognate with Russian pljáska, Czech, Slovene and Serbo-Croatian ples.
plinsjan (regular verb)
1. To dance.
2. To shake violently and/or in an unruly manner.
Inherited from Gothic plinsjan, in turn a borrowing from proto-Slavic plęsati. Sense 2 might have been acquired from Middle Polish plęsać, which is also derived from the same proto-Slavic origin.
plukke (regular verb)
1. To pick (all English verb senses except to decide).
2. To pluck (pull at sharply).
3. To pluck (remove feathers, hairs, etc., by pulling them out).
4. (noun, n.) An instance of picking plucking.
From Old Norse plokka; perfect cognate with Danish and Norwegian plukke.
Poëme (noun, m.)
1. A poem.
Uses -s plural. C. 15th century, borrowed from French poëme, an archaic spelling of poème.
Pony (noun, n.)
1. A pony (small horse).
Unadapted borrowing from English pony, in turn from Scots.
Præsident (noun, m.)
1. President, chairman, etc.
C. 14th century, from archaic French præsident, from Latin praesidens ("presiding over; president, leader").
Preis (noun, m.)
1. Price (cost of something).
Ultimately from Latin pretium (reward, price). Related to Prix.
prestaten (regular verb)
1. To perform (usually well), to achieve.
From Prestation +-en. See there for more.
Prestation (noun, f.)
1. Performance, achievement, feat.
From Middle French prestation, whence modern French prestation. Cf. Dutch prestatie.
Prix (noun, m.)
1. An award, prize.
2. Esteem, positive reputation.
Direct borrowing from French prix, c. 16th century. Sometimes spelled pris since "x" is not a native letter.
Programma (noun, n.)
1. Program, schedule, etc.
2. A computer program.
From Latin programma, in turn from Ancient Greek programma (proclamation, notice).
Pubertas (noun, f.)
1. Puberty, adolescense.
Direct borrowing from Late Latin pubertas; internationalism.
pupil (noun, f.)
1. Pupil (part of the eye).
Borrowing from Latin pupilla (little girl), so called due to the refelction in the pupil.
purpura (adjective)
1. The colour purple.
2. (noun, f.) The colour purple.
3. Purpura (medical condition).
Inherited from Gothic paurpura, itself a borrowing from Latin purpura. Cognate of many languages.
Radio (noun, n)
1. A radio.
Uses -s plural. C. 1920 borrowing from English radio, a shortening of radiotelegraphy. Has dozens of cognates.
rahjan (regular verb)
1. To count.
Inherited from Gothic "rahnjan", itself derivative of Proto East-Germanic rahnijana (unrelated to the Proto-West Germanic verb "to rob" and descendants). The word initially meant "to deliberate", but acquired a second meaning in Gothic, and later superseded all other forms in Konigsbergesk.
Ramm (noun, m.)
1. A ram (male sheep).
2. A battering ram.
3. (adjective) Strong, intense, ferocious, vivid.
From Old Saxon ramm, in turn from proto-West Germanic *ramm. The noun is derived from the adjective.
Rasn (noun, n)
1. A warehouse.
From Gothic razn, "house". Probably moved to its current definition due to being displaced by Old Norse-origin hus.
Red (noun, m.)
1. Advice, council.
2. The name of Konigsberg's unicameral parliament.
Probably inherited from Gothic *red, in turn from proto-Germanic *redaz. Not related to the colour.
reden (regular verb)
1. To advise, to counsel.
Verbal of Red.
reken (regular verb)
1. To reach, to achieve.
2. To stretch, to extend.
3. To pass, to hand (over), to serve.
From Middle Low German reken, in turn from proto-Germanic *raikijana. Cognate of Dutch reiken, German reichen, English reach.
rekenbar (adjective)
1. Accessible, reachable, possible.
Compound of reken and bar.
rett (adjective, adverb)
1. Right (direction).
2. Straight, proper, correct, true.
3. Right (in the sense of being righteous).
4.(adverb) Exactly, right.
5.(noun, m.) A right, privilege.
6.(noun, m.) A title, claim.
7.(noun, n.) The political right.
Borrowed from Old Norse réttr, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *rehtaz. Perfect cognate of Nynorsk rett. Displaced Gothic raihts.
Respekt (noun, n)
1. Respect (high opinion of something/someone).
Borrowed from Old French respect, c. 14th century. Cf. English respect, German Respekt.
respektan (regular verb)
1. To respect.
From Respekt and the verb-forming suffix -an; see the former for more.
Rign (noun, n)
1. Rain.
2. (informal) Under the weather, irritable.
This is one of the few nouns in Konigsbergesk that do not have a plural form.
Inherited from Gothic "rign". Cognate of Old Norse and derivatives "regn", Dutch/German "Regen", English "rain", etc.
rignen (regular verb)
1. To rain.
2. (informal) To feel under the weather, irritable.
See Rign.
ringen (regular verb)
1. To wring, to twist, to squirm.
From proto-Germanic *wrigana, whence English wring, Dutch wringen, German ringen.
rose (adjective)
1. The colour pink.
2. (noun, f.) The colour pink.
3. Rose (flower).
Uses -s plural. C. 14th century borrowing from Middle French rose, of the same meaning; cognate of Dutch roze. The gender for the colour is actually masculine in French; it became feminine due to conflation with the sense of a rose flower. Sense 3 is from Middle Low German rose, ultimately from Latin rosa, making the senses doublets of eachother.
røþ (adjective)
1. The colour red.
2. (noun, n.) The colour red.
3. Politically communist or socialist; more generally, of the left.
Inherited from Gothic rauþs, in turn from Proto-Germanic *raudaz. Closest cognates with German rot, Danish rød, etc.
Rum (noun, n.)
1. A room (part of a building enclosed by walls).
2. Room, space for something.
3. (adjective) Roomy, spacious.
4. Rum (beverage).
Borrowed from Old Norse rum, in turn from proto-Germanic *ruma, though it has the same appearance in Gothic. Sense 2 is a direct borrowing from English rum, of uncertain origin, and uses the -s plural.
Russ (noun, n.)
1. A horse, steed.
2. (informal) A strong person.
From Old Norse hross, in turn from proto-Germanic *hrussa, of uncertain origin. Cf. dialectal Swedish russ, German Ross, Dutch ros.