S

SA

sagan (regular verb)

1. To say.

2. To tell.

Uncertain; derived from proto-Germanic *sagjana, perhaps influenced by German sagen.

Saht (noun, f.)

1. Illness, sickness, addiction.

Inherited from Gothic sauhts, in turn from proto-Germanic *suhtiz. Cognate with German Sucht, Dutch zucht, Danish/Swedish sot.

Sahter (noun, m.)

1. Someone who is sick; an addict.

From Saht and -er.

sahtig (adjective)

1. Addictive.

From Saht and -ig.

saþ (adjective)

1. Not hungry; full, sated.

2. (slightly informal) Having had enough, fed up.

3. (determiner) Plenty, an ample amount.

Inherited from Gothic satþs, meaning sense 1, in turn from Proto-Germanic *sadaz. Cognate of German satt, Dutch zat, English sad.

SE

se (regular verb)

1. To see.

2. To look.

3. To see (in the sense of understanding).

4. To see (in the sense of imagining something).

Borrowed from Old Norse sjá, in turn from proto-Germanic *sehwana. Displaced Gothic-origin seihvan.

seks (numeral)

1. (cardinal) Six.

2. (noun, m.) Six (as a digit or figure).

From Proto-Germanic *sehs. Cognate of Old Norse sex and descendants, German sechs, Dutch zes, English six (but not French six), etc.

Sekund (noun, f.)

1. Second, unit of time equivalent to approximately a sixtieth of a minute.

2. Second, a unit of angular measurement.

C. 14th century; borrowed from Latin secunda. The units of time and angle are from pars minuta secunda (lit. second minute part).

senda (regular verb)

1. To send.

Borrowed from Old Norse senda, in turn from proto-Gemanic *sandijana. Displaced native Gothic sandjan.

Sending (noun, f.)

1. Delivery, mail, etc.

2. A broadcast (of any kind, usually a program).

Gerund of senda; senda + -ing.

SI

siben (numeral)

1. (cardinal) Seven.

2. (noun, m.) Seven (as a digit or figure).

Inherited from Gothic sibun; in turn from Proto-Germanic *sibun. The -un morphed to -en under Middle High/Low German influence. Cognate of German sieben, Dutch zeven, English seven, etc.

sin (pronoun)

1. 3rd person singular masculine possessive pronoun; his. Can also function as a determiner.

2. 3rd person singular possessive pronoun for someone of an unknown gender; one's. Can also function as a determiner.

From Old Norse "sinn", originally a reflexive possessive pronoun referring to any gender, in turn from proto-Germanic sīnaz. Sense 2 is likely from German influence, though it may be considered sexist in some circles (cf. "man" to refer to all of humanity in English).

singen (regular verb)

1. To sing.

2. To recite something (repeat aloud).

Borrowed from Old Saxon singan; displaced native Gothic siggvan, though its secondary meaning carried into singen.

sis (pronoun)

1. 3rd person singular neuter possessive pronoun; its. Can also function as a determiner.

Inherited from Gothic "sis", a dative form of the generic reflexive pronoun "seins". From there, it has the same etymology as sin.

siuken (regular verb)

1. To become or be sick.

Inherited from Gothic siukan, in turn from proto-Germanic *seukana.

Siun (noun, f.)

1. Face (front part of the head).

2. Appearance, sight (of something).

3. Vision, perception.

Inherited from Gothic siuns, in turn from proto-Germanic *siuniz. Cognate of Danish and Swedish syn.

SK

skaban (regular verb)

1. To shave, to shear.

Inherited from Gothic skaban, in turn from proto-Germanic *skabana. Cognate with English shave, German schaven, Swedish skava, etc.

Skado (noun, m.)

1. Shade, shadow.

Inherited from Gothic skadus, though the -us morphed into -o following ingluence from Old Saxon skado, in turn from proto-Germanic *skadwaz.

Skåp (noun, n.)

1. A sheep.

2. A sheep (follower, member of a Christian congregation).

From proto-West Germanic *skaap, from whence English sheep, German Schaf, Dutch schaap, Frisian schep,

Skalli (noun, m.)

1. A skull.

2. (by extension) Baldness, someone who is bald; baldy.

Borrowed from Old Norse skalli, of the same meaning, from or related to proto-Germanic *skaljo (shell).

skappen (regular verb)

1. To create.

2. To make, establish, bring about, etc.

Inherited from Gothic skapjan, in turn from proto-Germanic *skapjana.

Skild (noun, m.)

1. A shield (armour).

2. (zoology) A shield, shell, carapace.

Inherited from Gothic skildus, in turn from Proto-Germanic *skilduz. Cognate of English shield, German/Dutch Schild, Old Norse skjoldur and descendants.

Skildkrode (noun, f.)

1. A turtle, tortoise.

Compound from Skild (shield) + Krode (toad), in the same vein as German Schildkröte, Dutch schildpad, Finnish kilpikonna, and others.

Skinn (noun, n.)

1. Skin (of a human).

2. Animal hide, pelt.

From Old Norse skinn, of the same meaning. Cognate with English skin, Swedish, Icelandic and Faroese skinn, Danish skind, etc.

Skip (noun, n.)

1. A ship, vessel.

Inherited from Gothic skip, in turn from Proto-Germanic *skipa. Cognate with English ship, Dutch schip, Old Norse skip, German Schiff.

skriva (regular verb)

1. To write, to type something on a computer or typewriter.

2. To author, to report, to publish, etc.

From Old Norse skrifa, from Proto-Germanic *skribana, a late borrowing from Latin scribo. As such, it is a cognate of many languages. However, it is a perfect cognate with Swedish and Faroese skriva.

skulstan (irregular verb)

1. Should; ought to.

2. (auxiliary) Used to form the future indicative. (e.g. Vi skulen kanja ef di is glad; we will know if she is happy). Does not have a direct equivalent in English, but similar to Swedish ska.

Inherited from Gothic skulda. Cognate of Swedish skulle, English should, and German sollte.

SL

Slango (noun, m.)

1. A snake.

2. A hose, a tube.

3. (regular verb) To snake around; to move stealthily.

From proto-Germanic slango. Cognate of Low German/Frisian/Dutch/Swedish slang, German Schlang, etc.

slepan (regular verb)

1. To sleep.

Inherited from Gothic slēpan, in turn from Proto-Germanic slēpana. Cognate of English sleep, German schlafen, etc.

Slutil (noun, m.)

1. A key.

From proto-West Germanic *slutil, itself from *sleutan (to bolt, lock) and *-il. Cognate with Low German Slotel, German Schlussel, Dutch sleutel.

SM

smal (adjective)

1. Small, narrow.

Probably inherited from Gothic *smals, though that word is unattested aside from in superlative form. Cognate of most Germanic languages.

SN

snel (adjective, adverb)

1. Quick(ly), fast.

From Old High German snel, in turn from proto-Germanic *snellaz. Cognate of German schnell, and related to Dutch snel, English snell, Danish snild.

snellen (regular verb)

To speed up, accelerate, etc.

Verbal of snel.

SO

sofn (noun, m.)

1. Sleep (state of reduced consciousness).

2. A temple (region of the skull).

Deverbal of sofna. Sense 2 is so called because one lies on a temple while sleeping; possibly a calque from either German Schlafe or Dutch slaap.

sofna (regular verb)

1. To fall asleep.

From Old Norse sofna ("to fall asleep"), related to Proto-Germanic *swanana ("to sleep"). Cognate with Icelandic and Faroese sofna.

SP

spelen (regular verb)

1. To play (a game, role, etc.), to act.

From Middle Low German spelen, in turn from proto-West Germanic *spilon.

Speler (noun, m.)

1. An actor, a player, etc.

Compound of spelen and the agent suffix -er.

sprekan (regular verb)

1. To speak; to talk.

2. To say.

3. To pronounce.

From proto-West Germanic *sprekan; cognate of English speak, Dutch/German spreken.

ST

stark (adjective)

1. Strong (of power, capability, force, etc.)

2. Strong (in concentration).

3. Stiff, rigid.

From proto-West Germanic *starkaz; displaced Gothic swinþs. Cognate with English/Frisian/Swedish/German stark.

starken (regular verb)

1. To stiffen.

Verbal of stark.

stellen (regular verb)

1. To put, to place.

2. To put forward, query.

3. (usually with that) To suppose.

4. To adjust.

From proto-West Germanic *stalljan; developed in parallel with Dutch, Standard/Low German stellen.

stellbar (adjective)

1. Placeable, adjustable, etc.

From stellen + bar.

Stemme (noun, f.)

1. A vote, a ballot.

2. A voice (sound uttered by the mouth).

3. (by extension) The ability to speak.

From Middle Low German stemme (voice), in turn from Old Saxon stemna, and proto-Germanic *stamnijo. Cognate with Platdeutsch Stemm, Danish stemme, etc.

stemmen (regular verb)

1. To vote for.

2. To adopt, pass (a law, motion or resolution).

3. To voice, express.

4. To tune.

Verbal of stemme; see there for more.

Stop (noun, m.)

1. The action of stopping; cessation.

2. A plug for a sink.

Root of "stoppen", see there for more.

stoppen (regular verb)

1. To stop.

2. To plug.

3. To stuff.

4. To darn (repair something via stitching).

C. 15th century borrowing from Middle Low German stoppen, in turn from Old Saxon stoppōn. Cognate of Dutch/Low German/German stoppen, English stop, Old Norse stoppa and descendants.

strang (adjective)

1. Strict, stringent, harsh, etc.

2. (adverb) Very much (so).

3. (noun, n.) A string, a thin line.

From proto-Germanic *strangaz. Closest cognate is with Old Norse strangr and descendants.

Straß (noun, f.)

1. A street.

Could be a borrowing from Old Saxon strata, in which case it would be from Proto-West Germanic *stratu. Displaced Gothic-origin gatwu. Cognate of Low German strate, English street, and German Straße.

SU

sumtaimar (adverb)

1. Sometimes (on occasion).

Compound of "sum" (some) and "taimar", plural of time. Similar formations exist in English sometimes, dialectal Dutch somtijden, German manchmal.

Sunde (noun, f.)

1. Sin, criminal offence, trespass (in the archaic sense of a transgression).

Borrowed from Middle Low German sunde, c. 12th century, in turn from Proto-Germanic *sundi.

Sunþ (noun, n.)

1. West, western, westerly, etc. (also functions as an adjective and adverb).

From proto-Germanic *sunþra, possibly related to Old High German sunt.

Sunþaust (noun, n.)

1. Southeast, southeastern, southeasterly, etc. (also functions as an adjective and adverb).

Compound of Sunþ (south) and aust (east).

Sunþvest (noun, n.)

1. Southwest, southwestern, southwesterly, etc. (also functions as an adjective and adverb).

Compound of Sunþ (south) and vest (west).

sur (adjective)

1. Sour, acidic.

2. Sour (annoyed).

3. (noun, n.) Sour, acid.

From Old Norse surr. Cognate with Swedish, Danish, Norwegian, Icelandic and Faroese sur.

SV

sva (adverb)

1. So, thus, like that, in this manner.

2. (somewhat informal) If.

3. (preposition; sva ... hve) As (introducing a base of comparison).

4. (sva... hve) To such an extent or degree.

5. (conjunction) Like, similar to, as (if).

Inherited from Gothic swa, in turn from proto-Germanic *swa. Not directly related to Old Norse sva, though they are cognates. Senses 3 and 4 are a calque of German so... wie, used in the same way. Sense 5 and below were initially a seperate word, sve, inherited from Gothic, but were merged alongside most Germanic descendants.

svart (adjective)

1. The colour black.

2. (noun, n.) The colour black.

3. (noun, m.) Ink.

4. (figuratively) Illegal; not allowed.

5. Dark skin.

Inherited from Gothic swarts, ultimately from Proto-Germanic *swartaz. Cognate with English swarth, Dutch zwart, Low German s(ch)wart, etc. Sense 3 is a calque from Danish blæ, derived from Old English blæk, and displaced Gothic-origin svartisl.

svartan (regular verb)

1. To blacken something.

2. (informal) To tarnish the reputation of.

Probably inherited from Gothic *swartjan, though that word is unattested.

Svistar (noun, f.)

1. A sister (in both the familial and religious sense).

Inherited from Gothic swistar, in turn from proto-Germanic *swester. Cognate with most Germanic languages, but closest to Old High German swester and descendants.

sviltan (regular verb)

1. (formal) To die.

Usually reserved for an important person and a close relative or friend. Inherited from Gothic swiltan, in turn from Proto-Germanic *sweltana "to die, succumb". Cognate of Old Norse svelta "to starve" and descendants, mostly obsolete English swelt, and archaic Flemish zwelten.

SW

Swien (noun, n.)

1. A pig, swine.

2. A swine (contempitble person).

3. The meat of a swine or pig; pork.

Inherited from Gothic swein, in turn from proto-Germanic *swina. Cognate of Old Norse svin and descendants, German Schwein, Dutch zwijn, English swine, etc.


T

TA

Tand (noun, f.)

1. A tooth.

2. A prong.

Borrowed from Old Norse tonn, shifted under surrounding influence from Old High German zand, Swedish tand, etc. Displaced Gothic-origin tunþus.

Tandskinn (noun, n.)

1. Gums.

Compound of Tand (tooth) and Skinn (skin), possibly based on German Zahnfleisch (gums, a compound of tooth and flesh).

taujan (regular verb)

1. To decorate.

2. (dated) To make or manufacture something.

Inherited from Gothic taujan, meaning to do or make, in turn from proto-Germanic *tawjana. Cognate of Spanish/Portuguese/Galician ataviar, of the same meaning, through Gothic, as well as Dutch touwen and tooien.

TE

Tee (noun, f.)

1. Tea (drink made by infusing leaves).

C. 16th century borrowing from Dutch thee, in turn from Hokkien (茶) te.

TI

tien (numeral)

1. (cardinal) Ten.

2. (noun, f.) Ten (as a digit or figure).

Uncertain but ultimately derived from proto-Germanic *tehun. Not directly related to Dutch tien, though it may have converged via uncommon Old Saxon tian. Displaced native Gothic taihun.

Tiuh (noun, m.)

1. The act of tempting, temptation.

2. The act of pulling.

C. 16th century; probably a typographical error based on the assumption that tiuhan had a root noun.

tiuhan (regular verb)

1. To lead away, to pull.

2. To tempt.

Inherited from Gothic tiuhan, of the same meaning, in turn from Proto-Germanic *teuhana.

tør (preposition, adverb)

1. Through (from one side or end to the another).

2. Throughout, round (in every part, everywhere, and during an entire period of time).

3. Because of, due to.

With accusative. Formerly spelled þør, but is now dated since the 18th century. From proto-Germanic þurhw, closest cognate with Old Dutch thuro.

TR

Train (noun, m.)

1. A train (transportation).

Borrowed from French train, ultimately an internationalism.

Tram (noun, n.)

1. A tram (streetcar).

Borrowed from English tram, c. 1880s. Doublet of trame via Middle Low German.

Trame (noun, n.)

1. A shaft.

From Middle Low German or Middle Dutch treme, of the same meaning. Compare Low German treme, West Flemish traam.

TU

Tunge (noun, f.)

1. The tongue.

2. Language, speech.

3. Tongue (flap of a shoe).

From Old Saxon tunga; in turn from proto-Germanic *tungo. Displaced Gothic tuggo.

TV

tve (numeral)

1. (cardinal) Two.

2. (noun, m.) Two (as a digit or figure).

Inherited from Gothic twai, from Proto-Germanic *twai. Cognate of Old Norse tveir and descendants, German zwei, Dutch twee, English two, etc.

tvelif (numeral)

1. (cardinal) Twelve.

2. (noun, f.) Twelve (as a digit or figure).

From proto-Germanic *twalif, (twelve, literally meaning "two left"), the first part of the letter adjusted slightly based on tve.

tvisk (preposition)

1. Between.

2. (adjective) Twofold, double.

With dative (indicating location) or accusative (indicating movement). From proto-Germanic *twiskaz, whence English betwixt, West Frisian tuske, Saterland Frisian twiske, German zwischen. Related to tve, though distantly.


Þ

ÞA

þar (adverb)

1. There, in that place.

Inherited from Gothic þar "there", in turn from Proto-Germanic *þar. Cognate of Old Norse þar and descendants, English there, German dar-, etc.

þat (conjunction)

1. That (introduces a clause).

2. (adverb) That, so.

3. (pronoun) 3rd person singular neuter pronoun; it.

3. (article) The, used for all neuter nouns except the genitive (þat Taim).

Senses 1 and 2 from Old Norse þat ("that" pronoun), ultimately derived from Proto-Germanic *sa.

þata (pronoun)

1. (demonstrative)That, used for all neuter nouns.

2. (demonstrative)This, used for all neuter nouns.

þauh (conjunction)

1. Though.

Inherited from Gothic þauh, "though". Cognate of Old Norse þÓ and descendants, English though.

þaurban (regular verb)

1. To need.

Alla du þaurb is lubo !

All you need is love!

2. To need to, to be required to, to have to.

Inherited from Gothic þaurban, of the same meaning, in turn from proto-Germanic *þurbana.

ÞE

þei (pronoun)

1. 3rd person plural personal pronoun; they.

From Old Norse þeir, of the same meaning, whence also Icelandic þeir, Faroese teir, English they, Danish and standard Norwegian de, etc.

Þeiro (noun, f.)

1. Thunder (sound caused by lightning).

From Gothic þeiƕo, "thunder", of uncertain etymology.

ÞR

þrei (numeral)

1. (cardinal) Three.

2. (noun, f.) Three (as a digit or figure).

Inherited from Gothic þreis, from Proto-Germanic *þiz. Cognate of Old Norse þrir and descendants, German drei, Dutch dre, English three, etc.

þretien (numeral)

1. (cardinal) Thirteen.

2. (noun, f.) Thirteen (as a digit or figure).

Compound of þrei and tien; effectively "three ten". Cf. proto-Germanic þritehun, German dreizehn, Dutch dertien, West Frisian trettjin, English thirteen, etc.

Þruma (noun, f.)

1. (poetic) A clap of thunder.

From Old Norse þruma, with the same meaning. Cognate of Icelandic þruma.

ÞU

þu (pronoun)

1. (formal, slightly dated) Second-person singular personal pronoun; thou, you.

Inherited from Gothic þu. Since the early 20th century, largely superseded by "du"; using this version in non-formal contexts would be seen as odd.


U

UB

ubil (adjective)

1. Evil, wicked.

2. (noun, n.) Wrongdoing.

Inherited from Gothic ubils, in turn from proto-Germanic *ubilaz. Cognate of English evil, Dutch euvel, German ubel, Luxembourgish iwwel, Low German ovel, etc.

UL

Ule (noun, f.)

1. An owl.

2. A noctoid; something that is nocturnal.

UM

umb (preposition, adverb)

1. About, concerning, pertaining to.

2. Around (forming a circle, along a perimeter, curving near, etc.).

3. By (percentage difference).

With accusative. From proto-Germanic *umbi. Cognate with Old Norse um(b) and descendants, German um, Dutch om, etc.

UN

uns (pronoun)

1. First person plural objective pronoun; us. Can also function as a determiner.

Inherited from Gothic uns, in turn from proto-Germanic *uns. Closest to Low and Standard German uns and Dutch ons.

unsar (pronoun)

1. First person plural possessive pronoun; our, ours. Can also function as a determiner.

Inherited from Gothic unsar, in turn from proto-Germanic *unseraz. Closest to Standard German unser and Cimbrian ünsar.

UR

Ura (noun, f.)

1. An hour, unit of time equivalent to 60 minutes.

2. O'clock.

Borrowed c. 14th century from Latin hora; cognate of many languages.

V

VA

Vaurd (noun, n.)

1. A word.

Inherited from Gothic waurd, of the same meaning. In turn from Proto-Germanic *wurda.

van (preposition)

1. From (source or origin).

2. By, of (created by).

3. Of (belonging to).

4. Of (general association).

5. (mostly informal) Word for delayed filler; roughly analogous to English like, I mean, and you know.

C. 12th century, from Middle Low German van. Cognate with German von, Dutch van. "Van" is a common surname prefix, mostly denoting origin.

vanhalden (regular verb)

1. To mishandle (hold something incorrectly).

2. To abuse, to neglect.

Compound of van- and halden. For more, see the latter.

vanur (adjective)

1. Wont, accustomed, used to, having the habit of, etc.

2. Experienced, adept.

From Old Norse vanr, in turn from proto-Germanic *wanaz. Not directly related to vanta.

vanta (regular verb)

Cognate with Icelandic/Faroese

Vato (noun, n.)

1. Water (H2O).

2. A body of freshwater.

Inherited from Gothic wato, of the same meaning, in turn from Proto-Germanic *wator. Cognate with most Germanic languages

Vånd (noun, m.)

1. A wand, rod.

2. Wicker, wattle.

From Old Norse vondur, in turn from Proto-Germanic *wanduz. Cognate of English wand, Icelandic vondur, Norwegian vånd. Same etymology as Vond.

VE

veer (numeral)

1. (cardinal) Four.

2. (noun, f.) Four (as a digit or figure).

C. 14th century borrowing from Middle Low German vêr, probably influenced Low Prussian veer. Displaced native Gothic-origin fidwur.

veik (adjective)

1. Weak; lacking power, force, or capability.

2. Pliable, soft.

From Old Saxon wek, in turn from proto-West Germanic *waikw, from whence German weich, Dutch week.

veiß (adjective)

1. The colour white.

2. (noun, n.) The colour white.

Borrowed from Old High German wīz, in turn from Proto-Germanic *hwīaz, displacing Gothic-origin hveit. Cognate with Alemannic wiiss, Cimbrian bais, German weiß, etc.

Vest (noun, n.)

1. West, western, westerly, etc. (also functions as an adjective and adverb).

From proto-Germanic *westraz, possibly influenced by Old Norse vestr. Cognate with most Germanic languages.

VI

vi (pronoun)

1. 1st person plural subjective personal pronoun; we.

Probably from Old Saxon "wī", in turn from Proto-Germanic *wīz.

Vinkel (noun, m.)

1. A corner, right angle.

2. (more generally) An angle.

Borrowed from Middle Low German Winkel. Cognate of Dutch winkel (store), German, Danish, Swedish winkel (angle), Icelandic vinkill (corner).

Vind (noun, m.)

1. Wind (movement of air).

2. (adjective) Bent, crooked (in the sense of not being straight).

Inherited from Gothic winds, meaning sense 1, in turn from Proto-Germanic *windaz. Cognate of English/German wind.

vinstre (adjective, adverb)

1. Left (direction).

2. (informal) Sinister, evil.

Borrowed from Old Norse vinstr, in turn from proto-Germanic *winistraz. Displaced Gothic-origin hleiduma. Sense 2 is due to the association of left-handed people with the Devil.

VL

Vløgel (noun, m.)

1. A wing.

2. Casement or sash of a window.

3. Grand piano.

From Old Saxon *flugil, of the same meaning. Cognate of Low German Flogel, Dutch vleugel, German Flugel.

VO

vogen (regular verb)

1. To join, to add (up/on).

2. (noun, n.) Addition.

From Middle Low German vogen, in turn from proto-Germanic *fogijana. Cognate with Danish føje.

Vond (noun, m.)

1. A mole (animal).

From Old Saxon *wand, in turn from Proto-Germanic *wanduz. Cognate of English wand, Icelandic vondur, Norwegian vånd. Same etymology as Vånd.

Vøde (noun, f.)

1. Food, nourishment, diet, etc.

2. (regular verb) To feed.

3. (regular verb) To rear (usually of an animal).

4. (obsolete) To give birth.

For the food senses, does not have a plural. From Old Norse foeða, the "v" having appeared under influence from Middle Low German vode. Displaced native Gothic fodeins.

VR

vreid (adjective)

1. Angry, wroth.

From Old West Norse reiðr, in turn from Proto-Germanic *wraiþaz, cognate with Norwegian Nynorsk vreid, Swedish vred, English wroth, Dutch wreed.

vreida (regular verb)

1. To anger.

From vreid and the verb-forming suffix -a; see there fore more.

vreidnes (noun, n.)

1. The state of being angry; anger, angriness.

Compound of vreid and nes. See vreid.


W

WA

warm (adjective)

1. Warm; somewhat hot.

Inherited from Gothic *warm; in turn from proto-Germanic *warmaz. The cognates have largely stayed the same; English, Low/Standard German, and Dutch all use this word.

Warmde (noun, f.)

1. Heat, warmth.

2. A fever.

Compoud of warm and -de; see the former for more.

warmjan (regular verb)

1. To warm (increase in temperature).

2. To cherish.

Inherited from Gothic warmjan; see warm.

WE

Welp (noun, n.)

1. A puppy.

2. A whelp (offspring of various mammals).

From Old Saxon hwelp, whence German Welpe. Cognate of English whelp, Dutch welp, Danish/Norwegian hvalp, etc.

WO

woldan (regular verb)

1. To rule, to administrate.

Inherited from Gothic waldan, influenced by Low German wolden.

Woldaning (noun, m.)

1. Rule, government, administration.

From woldan +-ing.

Wolf (noun, m.)

1. A wolf.

Inherited from Gothic wulfs, in turn from proto-Germanic *wulfaz. Cf. English, Dutch, German

wopen (regular verb)

1. To arm, to weapon.

2. (noun, m.) A weapon, arms.

Borrowed from Middle Low German wapon, in turn from proto-Germanic *wapn. Cognate with English weapon.

WU

Wunder (noun, n.)

1. Wonder, miracle.

From proto-Germanic *wundraz, cognate with most Germanic languages.

wunderen (regular verb)

1. To wonder, be surprised, astonished.

From Wunder +-en.


Y

YE

Yen (noun, n.)

1. Yen, a Japanese monetary unit and coin.

Borrowed from Japanese 円 ("yen, circle")